Effects of multiple freeze–thaw cycles on meat quality,nutrients, water distribution and microstructure in bovine rumen smooth muscle

This study investigated the effect of 5 freeze–thaw cycles (freezing at −18°C for 12 h and then thawing at 4°C for approximately 12 h) on the meat quality, proximate composition, water distribution and microstructure of bovine rumen smooth muscle (BSM). As the number of freeze–thaw cycles increased, BSM pH, shear force, water content and protein content decreased by 3.06%, 35.50%, 14.49% and 21.11%, respectively, whereas BSM thawing loss, cooking loss, pressing loss, total aerobic count (TAC), ash content and fat content increased by 108.12%, 47.75%, 78.33%, 90.99%, 105% and 35.20%, respectively. The freeze–thaw cycles resulted in greater protein and lipid oxidation, as evidenced by a 36.46% reduction in the sulfhydryl content and a 209.06% and 338.46% increase in the carbonyl and malondialdehyde contents, respectively. Ice crystal formation disrupted the structural integrity of the muscle tissue. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance results showed that the freeze–thaw cycles prolonged the relaxation times (T_2b, T₂₁ and T₂₂), indicating that immobile water shifted to free water, and consequently, free water mobility increased. After 3 freeze–thaw cycles, the decline in shear force slowed, the increase in thawing loss became accelerated, and the TAC approached the domain value (6 log colony-forming units/g). Therefore, the number of freeze–thaw cycles of smooth muscle during transport, storage and distribution should be controlled to 3 or fewer. The current results provide a theoretical basis and data support for the further utilisation and culinary processing of smooth muscle.     

Influence of fermentation with different lactic acid bacteria and in vitro digestion on the change of phenolic compounds in fermented kiwifruit pulps

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of fermentation and gastrointestinal digestion of three kinds of fermented kiwifruit pulps with different Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei). The changes in bioactive substances (total phenolic acid, total flavonoid, vitamin C and the viable count), antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity) and phenolic profiles (protocatechuic acid, protocatechualdehyde, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid) were detected. The result showed, compared to non-fermented kiwifruit pulp, fermentation with LP and LA had higher content of TPA, TF and V_C, as well as antioxidant capacity. Fermentation with LP and the content of protocatechualdehyde, p-coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid were increased. However, after digestion, LP showed more effect in maintaining the content of antioxidants, antioxidant capacity and the viable count rather than LA. During digestion, the content of protocatechualdehyde and p-coumaric acid was increased in fermented samples compared with non-fermented samples. Overall, compared with LA and LC, LP is more suitable for the fermentation of kiwifruit pulp.     

针刺复合生态土工布的制备及植生性能研究

以黏胶短纤维和再生植物纤维为主要原料,采用短纤维干法成网-针刺加固工艺,在针刺密度为60～160针/cm2、针刺深度为3.5～ 12.0 mm、针刺频率为720～ 940次/min的条件下,制备单位面积质量在196～979g/m2、厚度在3.6～ 14.4 mm、再生植物纤维质量分数在39.6％ ～ 70.9％的针刺复合生态土工布,用于植生护坡.性能测试和植物种植试验结果表明:针刺复合生态土工布具有较好的力学性能和吸水保水性能,且对植物的生长具有良好的促进作用;随着针刺复合生态土工布单位面积质量的增加,其力学性能增加,吸水保水性能变好,发芽率、植株高度和植株质量也均呈现出增加的趋势.     

双波长褪色分光光度法测定盐酸美西律

建立了一种快速、灵敏测定药物中盐酸美西律的双波长分光光度法。在弱碱性溶液中,虎红与盐酸美西律反应生成离子缔合物,使溶液发生褪色现象,光谱曲线上呈现2个较强的负吸收峰,它们分别位于472和560 nm,在此2个波长处,盐酸美西律的线性范围为0.04~2.6 mg/L,表观摩尔吸光系数(κ)分别为5.87×10⁴(472 nm)和3.59×10⁴ L/(mol·cm)(560 nm),检出限为0.033(472 nm)和0.035 mg/L(560 nm)。用双波长法测定时,其表观摩尔吸光系数(κ)达9.46×10⁴ L/(mol·cm),检出限为0.017 mg/L。双波长法用于盐酸美西律药片测定,加标回收率为97.7%~103%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.2%~2.6%。     

Cf/C复合材料与纯铜的胶接辅助钎焊连接

采用胶接辅助钎焊方法,以TiH_2粉为活性元素源,环氧树脂为粘性载体,Ag-Cu共晶合金为钎料,Cu箔为应力缓冲层材料,实现了C_f/C复合材料与纯铜的钎焊连接,结果表明,接头界面处产生TiC,TiCu,Ag(s,s),Cu(s,s)等反应产物,其结构可表示为(C_f/C)/TiC+Ag(s,s)+Cu(s,s)+TiCu/Cu。通过钎焊工艺试验得出,在930℃保温25 min钎焊条件下接头的抗剪强度达到最大值30 MPa。     

Up-pulling force analysis for ESC hollow cylindrical casting

Electroslag casting(ESC)is an important method to produce high quality castings.In this study,the ESC up-pulling inner mold method(EUPIM)was used to produce hollow cylindrical castings with the multiple consumable electrodes.The radial deformation,the axial and radial internal stress of the inner mold,and the axial internal stress of the slag shell were analyzed using the finite element method(FEM)with the aid of ANSYS software.The ProCAST software was used to calculate the specific heat,heat conductivity and density curve of Cu.Simulation results show that the radial deformation,the axial and radial internal stress of the inner mold,and the axial internal stress of the slag shell near the slag-metal interface of hollow cylndrical casting gradually increase from 0 s to 360 s after the ESC starting(slagging)process but before applying the up-pulling force.The suitable initial up-pulling moment of the inner mold is at around 180-198 s after the starting process.     

New doctors ranking system based on VIKOR method

Nowadays, we can use different websites that help us make decisions about various aspects of our lives. However, privacy protection prevents websites from providing personalised guidelines to users. We propose a novel doctor‐ranking system (DRS) based on multi‐criteria group decision‐making (MCGDM) method to address the problems of privacy protection. The following aspects differentiate our proposed DRS model from previous works: (a) textual information reviews are used to identify user preferences and complementary criteria, (b) criteria weights are determined by term frequency inverse document frequency (TF‐IDF) instead of Delphi method or expert opinion, (c) intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) are used to replace sentiment analysis to express subjective user criteria, and (d) VIsekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranjie (VIKOR) method for MCGDM with IFSs is used to solve the doctor‐ranking problem. We apply our proposed model to datasets from Haodf.com to compare the performance of our method with that of sentiment analysis and technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods. The experimental results show that our method provides accurate ranking and increases the reliability of DRS.     

Headspace fingerprinting approach to identify the major pathway influencing volatile patterns of vinasse-cured duck processed by high pressure,as well as its impact on physicochemical and sensory attributes

As a decisive attribute, flavour could be influenced by HP treatments through multiple physical and chemical pathways within the high pressure (HP)-assisted meat curing process. This investigation aimed to identify the major pathway influencing volatile flavour patterns of two representative vinasse-cured duck (VCD) products with HP treatments (150–300 MPa/15 min), including wet and dry types, by employing headspace fingerprinting as an untargeted approach. Results suggested that HP treatments greatly lowered moisture contents and increased Warner-Bratzler shear force and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances of the cured samples. According to multivariate models, the volatile flavour patterns of the HP-processed VCD could be clearly separated from the unprocessed samples, but the VCD pressurised at different intensities represented similar volatile fingerprinting, which was validated by e-nose analysis. The discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model outlined vinasse-derived ethanol, acetic acid, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, phenethyl alcohol and 2-methyl-3-octanone as the major discriminant aromas across the unpressurised and pressurised samples.     

Fermatean fuzzy linguistic set and its application in multicriteria decision making

In this paper, we propose the concept of Fermatean fuzzy linguistic term sets based on linguistic term sets and Fermatean fuzzy sets. The basic operational laws, the score function, and the accuracy function of Fermatean fuzzy linguistic numbers are provided. Then we propose the Fermatean fuzzy linguistic weighted aggregation operator, the Fermatean fuzzy linguistic weighted geometric operator, and the Fermatean fuzzy linguistic distance measures. Furthermore, we extend the TOPSIS method to the proposed distance measures, and the ranking of alternatives is obtained under a Fermatean fuzzy linguistic environment. An example is provided to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, and a comparison with the existing method is also analyzed. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the parameter in the proposed distance measure is also discussed.     

基于MATLAB的GPS周跳探测与修复

在GPS观测过程中,信号会受到遮挡等原因发生跳变现象,引起很大误差甚至是粗差,为了解决这一问题,文中利用MATLAB软件,根据电离层残差法和Melbourne-Wübbena组合法的优缺点,结合这两种方法进行GPS载波相位观测值的周跳探测,然后根据周跳探测结果进行修复,结果表明:利用组合方法编制的MATLAB周跳探测与修复的程序能很好的探测和修复GPS周跳.